MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Raphicerus campestris

Accepted taxon: Raphicerus campestris
Taxon:	Raphicerus campestris
Rank:	Species
Higher Classification:	ARTIODACTYLA \| Bovidae \| Antilopinae \| Raphicerus
Reference:	Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Raphicerus campestris diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 19, ASH (Ash contents) 7, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 57, CP (Crude Protein) 11, EE (Ether Extract) 4. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 1. List of Diet Items for Raphicerus campestris.
TSN Complete name	Part	Ratio ^a.	Reference(s)
Magnoliopsida	LEAF	28.57	Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida	ROOT	17.62	Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida	FRUIT	14.76	Damuth, J…
Poaceae	STEM	13.33	Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida	SHOOT	9.52	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	FLOWER	7.14	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	SEED	6.67	Damuth, J…
0	MINERAL	2.38	Grzimek,B…

^a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Raphicerus campestris.
Trait	Selected Value	All Value(s)	Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981	Herbivore-Mixed feeder	Herbivore-Browser, Herbivore-Mixed feeder	– I. J. Gordon, A. W. Illius, 1988, 'Incisor Arcade Structure and Diet Selection in Ruminants', Functional Ecology, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 15, Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research, M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009	Herbivore	Herbivore	– I. J. Gordon, A. W. Illius, 1988, 'Incisor Arcade Structure and Diet Selection in Ruminants', Functional Ecology, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 15, Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research, M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Raphicerus campestris.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	10	10	-	-	-	10,545.45	-	-	Engelman,…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	10	10	-	-	-	10,545.45	-	-	Engelman,…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	-	11,290	-	-	Wimberly,…

Table 4. List of other Measurements ^b. for Raphicerus campestris.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Length of the Masseteric Fossa	nan	cm	8	8	-	-	-	7	-	-	Quibod, M…
Muzzle Width	nan	cm	8	8	-	-	-	1	-	-	Quibod, M…
Total Length of the Skull	nan	cm	8	8	-	-	-	14	-	-	Quibod, M…

^b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..

Table 5. List of Data Sources for Raphicerus campestris.
Taxon	Reference	Match	Status
Raphicerus campestris	Clauss,M., 2010, Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function, Journal of zoology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Gordon,IJ, 1988, Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants, Functional Ecology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Herberstein, M.E., McLean, D.J., Lowe, E., Wolff, J.O., Khan, M.K., Smith, K., Allen, A.P., Bulbert, M., Buzatto, B.A., Eldridge, M.D. and Falster, D., 2022. AnimalTraits-a curated animal trait database for body mass, metabolic rate and brain size. Scientific Data, 9(1), p.265.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Quibod, M.N.R.M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F. and Tomlinson, K.W., 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, p.zlad068.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Raphicerus campestris	Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Raphicerus campestris , Accessed 16th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15958]